マニュアルは読まなきゃね。
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/docs/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/?locale=ja-JP
なんでも屋さんの自称SEさんが、知らなかったことをメモ代わりに書いてます。
たまに関係のないことも書きますが、良かったら参考にどうぞ。
2020/11
なんでも屋さんだったSEさんは、転職しました。今は社内SEさんとして、自社システム開発してます。でも、一人なんだよね・・・
2021/8 もう少し自分で考えてよって人が増えました...いい歳なんだからさー、指示待ちやめてよねー
2023/11 転職してから早3年、仲間が4名になりました!
2024/10 この一年で貯金がかなり減りました・・・
2012-09-19
2012-09-16
postfixの設定を確認する方法
こうすると、現在の設定をアルファベット順に表示してくれる。
また、次のようにすると、現在の設定値ではなくデフォルトの設定値を表示してくれる。
で、デフォルトと現在の設定のどこが違うかは、diffコマンドでこんな感じ。
全項目を並べて比較するには
postconf
また、次のようにすると、現在の設定値ではなくデフォルトの設定値を表示してくれる。
postconf -d
で、デフォルトと現在の設定のどこが違うかは、diffコマンドでこんな感じ。
postconf -d > main.cf.default postconf > main.cf.setting diff -u main.cf.default main.cf.setting
全項目を並べて比較するには
diff -y main.cf.default main.cf.setting
2012-09-15
インストール済みパッケージの一覧を表示するコマンド
CentOSやFedoraなど
または
UbuntuやDebianなど
# yum list installed
または
# rpm -qa | sort
UbuntuやDebianなど
$ sudo dpkg -l
2012-09-08
CentOS 6.3 最小構成
晒しておく。
MAKEDEV.x86_64 3.24-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 acl.x86_64 2.2.49-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 aic94xx-firmware.noarch 30-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 apr.x86_64 1.3.9-5.el6_2 @updates apr-util.x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 @base apr-util-ldap.x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 @base atmel-firmware.noarch 1.3-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 attr.x86_64 2.4.44-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 audit.x86_64 2.2-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 audit-libs.x86_64 2.2-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 authconfig.x86_64 6.1.12-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 b43-openfwwf.noarch 5.2-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 basesystem.noarch 10.0-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 bash.x86_64 4.1.2-9.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 bfa-firmware.noarch 3.0.0.0-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 binutils.x86_64 2.20.51.0.2-5.34.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 bzip2.x86_64 1.0.5-7.el6_0 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 bzip2-libs.x86_64 1.0.5-7.el6_0 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ca-certificates.noarch 2010.63-3.el6_1.5 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 centos-release.x86_64 6-3.el6.centos.9 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 checkpolicy.x86_64 2.0.22-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 chkconfig.x86_64 1.3.49.3-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 coreutils.x86_64 8.4-19.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 coreutils-libs.x86_64 8.4-19.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cpio.x86_64 2.10-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cracklib.x86_64 2.8.16-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cracklib-dicts.x86_64 2.8.16-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cronie.x86_64 1.4.4-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cronie-anacron.x86_64 1.4.4-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 crontabs.noarch 1.10-33.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 curl.x86_64 7.19.7-26.el6_2.4 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cyrus-sasl.x86_64 2.1.23-13.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 2.1.23-13.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 dash.x86_64 0.5.5.1-3.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 db4.x86_64 4.7.25-17.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 db4-utils.x86_64 4.7.25-17.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 dbus-glib.x86_64 0.86-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.2.24-5.el6_1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 device-mapper.x86_64 1.02.74-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 device-mapper-event.x86_64 1.02.74-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 1.02.74-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 device-mapper-libs.x86_64 1.02.74-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-31.0.1.P1.el6.centos.1 @updates dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-31.0.1.P1.el6.centos.1 @updates diffutils.x86_64 2.8.1-28.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 dracut.noarch 004-284.el6_3 @updates dracut-kernel.noarch 004-284.el6_3 @updates e2fsprogs.x86_64 1.41.12-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 1.41.12-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 efibootmgr.x86_64 0.5.4-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 elfutils-libelf.x86_64 0.152-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ethtool.x86_64 2:2.6.33-0.3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 expat.x86_64 2.0.1-11.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 file.x86_64 5.04-13.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 file-libs.x86_64 5.04-13.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 filesystem.x86_64 2.4.30-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 findutils.x86_64 1:4.4.2-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 fipscheck.x86_64 1.2.0-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 fipscheck-lib.x86_64 1.2.0-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 1.41-1.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 gamin.x86_64 0.1.10-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 gawk.x86_64 3.1.7-9.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 gdbm.x86_64 1.8.0-36.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 glib2.x86_64 2.22.5-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 glibc.x86_64 2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 @updates glibc-common.x86_64 2.12-1.80.el6_3.5 @updates gmp.x86_64 4.3.1-7.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 gnupg2.x86_64 2.0.14-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 gpgme.x86_64 1.1.8-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 grep.x86_64 2.6.3-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 groff.x86_64 1.18.1.4-21.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 grub.x86_64 1:0.97-77.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 grubby.x86_64 7.0.15-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 gzip.x86_64 1.3.12-18.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 httpd.x86_64 2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 @base httpd-tools.x86_64 2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 @base hwdata.noarch 0.233-7.8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 info.x86_64 4.13a-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 initscripts.x86_64 9.03.31-2.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ipa-gothic-fonts.noarch 003.02-4.2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ipa-mincho-fonts.noarch 003.02-3.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ipa-pgothic-fonts.noarch 003.02-4.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ipa-pmincho-fonts.noarch 003.02-3.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iproute.x86_64 2.6.32-20.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iptables.x86_64 1.4.7-5.1.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iptables-ipv6.x86_64 1.4.7-5.1.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iputils.x86_64 20071127-16.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ipw2100-firmware.noarch 1.3-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ipw2200-firmware.noarch 3.1-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ivtv-firmware.noarch 2:20080701-20.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl100-firmware.noarch 39.31.5.1-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl1000-firmware.noarch 1:39.31.5.1-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl3945-firmware.noarch 15.32.2.9-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl4965-firmware.noarch 228.61.2.24-2.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl5000-firmware.noarch 8.83.5.1_1-1.el6_1.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl5150-firmware.noarch 8.24.2.2-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl6000-firmware.noarch 9.221.4.1-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl6000g2a-firmware.noarch 17.168.5.3-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 iwl6050-firmware.noarch 41.28.5.1-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 kbd.x86_64 1.15-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 kbd-misc.noarch 1.15-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 kernel.x86_64 2.6.32-279.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 kernel.x86_64 2.6.32-279.1.1.el6 @updates kernel.x86_64 2.6.32-279.5.2.el6 @updates kernel-firmware.noarch 2.6.32-279.5.2.el6 @updates keyutils-libs.x86_64 1.4-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 krb5-libs.x86_64 1.9-33.el6_3.2 @updates less.x86_64 436-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libacl.x86_64 2.2.49-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libattr.x86_64 2.4.44-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libblkid.x86_64 2.17.2-12.7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libcap.x86_64 2.16-5.5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libcap-ng.x86_64 0.6.4-3.el6_0.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libcom_err.x86_64 1.41.12-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libcurl.x86_64 7.19.7-26.el6_2.4 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libdrm.x86_64 2.4.25-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libedit.x86_64 2.11-4.20080712cvs.1.el6 @base libertas-usb8388-firmware.noarch 2:5.110.22.p23-3.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libffi.x86_64 3.0.5-3.2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libgcc.x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libgcrypt.x86_64 1.4.5-9.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libgpg-error.x86_64 1.7-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libidn.x86_64 1.18-2.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libnih.x86_64 1.0.1-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libselinux.x86_64 2.0.94-5.3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libselinux-utils.x86_64 2.0.94-5.3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libsemanage.x86_64 2.0.43-4.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libsepol.x86_64 2.0.41-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libss.x86_64 1.41.12-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libssh2.x86_64 1.2.2-11.el6_3 @updates libstdc++.x86_64 4.4.6-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libudev.x86_64 147-2.42.el6 @updates libusb.x86_64 0.1.12-23.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libuser.x86_64 0.56.13-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libutempter.x86_64 1.1.5-4.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libuuid.x86_64 2.17.2-12.7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 libxml2.x86_64 2.7.6-4.el6_2.4 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 logrotate.x86_64 3.7.8-15.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 lua.x86_64 5.1.4-4.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 lvm2.x86_64 2.02.95-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 lvm2-libs.x86_64 2.02.95-10.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 m4.x86_64 1.4.13-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 mailcap.noarch 2.1.31-2.el6 @base mingetty.x86_64 1.08-5.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 module-init-tools.x86_64 3.9-20.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.61-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 nano.x86_64 2.0.9-7.el6 @base ncurses.x86_64 5.7-3.20090208.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ncurses-base.x86_64 5.7-3.20090208.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ncurses-libs.x86_64 5.7-3.20090208.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 net-tools.x86_64 1.60-110.el6_2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 newt.x86_64 0.52.11-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 newt-python.x86_64 0.52.11-3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 nginx.x86_64 1.2.3-1.el6.ngx @nginx nginx-release-centos.noarch 6-0.el6.ngx installed nspr.x86_64 4.9.1-2.el6_3 @updates nss.x86_64 3.13.5-1.el6_3 @updates nss-softokn.x86_64 3.12.9-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 3.12.9-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 nss-sysinit.x86_64 3.13.5-1.el6_3 @updates nss-tools.x86_64 3.13.5-1.el6_3 @updates nss-util.x86_64 3.13.5-1.el6_3 @updates openldap.x86_64 2.4.23-26.el6_3.2 @updates openssh.x86_64 5.3p1-81.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 openssh-server.x86_64 5.3p1-81.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 openssl.x86_64 1.0.0-25.el6_3.1 @updates pam.x86_64 1.1.1-10.el6_2.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 passwd.x86_64 0.77-4.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 pciutils-libs.x86_64 3.1.4-11.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 pcre.x86_64 7.8-4.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 php.x86_64 5.3.3-14.el6_3 @updates php-cli.x86_64 5.3.3-14.el6_3 @updates php-common.x86_64 5.3.3-14.el6_3 @updates pinentry.x86_64 0.7.6-6.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 plymouth.x86_64 0.8.3-24.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 plymouth-core-libs.x86_64 0.8.3-24.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 plymouth-scripts.x86_64 0.8.3-24.el6.centos @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 policycoreutils.x86_64 2.0.83-19.24.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 popt.x86_64 1.13-7.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 procps.x86_64 3.2.8-23.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 psmisc.x86_64 22.6-15.el6_0.1 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 pth.x86_64 2.0.7-9.3.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 pygpgme.x86_64 0.1-18.20090824bzr68.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 python.x86_64 2.6.6-29.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 python-iniparse.noarch 0.3.1-2.1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 python-libs.x86_64 2.6.6-29.el6_2.2 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 python-pycurl.x86_64 7.19.0-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 python-urlgrabber.noarch 3.9.1-8.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3 ql2100-firmware.noarch 1.19.38-3.1.el6 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@anaconda-CentOS-201207061011.x86_64/6.3
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.htaccessで403を404で返す
久しぶりにリライトルールを書いたよ。 ドキュメントルートに.htaccessを置く場合の記述↓ # 403.html は実体がなくてよい。この設定をすることで、あっても使われなくなる。 ErrorDocument 403 /403.html # 独自の404ページをドキュメ...
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本題に入る前に、まずは、sh/bash系のシェルで標準出力と標準エラー出力をリダイレクトする方法から。 現在使用中のシェルを確認するには、 # echo $SHELL とすれば確認できる。 その他、利用できるシェルを確認するには # cat /etc/shell...
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Internet Explorer も、気がついてみたらFirefoxまでも、複数タブ・ウィンドウ間で同一セッションになってしまった。確か、Firefox 3.6のときは、ウィンドウが別だったらセッションも別になっていたと思ったのになぁ... で、同一セッションになって困るの...
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mb_send_mail()を使ってメールを送信する場合は、第5引数に Return-Path を指定する。 さもなければ、Return-Path は apache@hoge.dom (コマンドラインから実行したときは、実行アカウント名@hoge.dom)になる。 第5引...